Hard Drive Benchmarks [3]

hdparm is usally not installed by default. Install it:

sudo apt install hdparm

Run a benchmark:

sudo hdparm -t --direct /dev/nvme0n1

Computer	Interface	MB/sec
Pi 4	SD Card	49
Pi 5	USB NVMe 3.0	307
Pi 5	HAT PCIe 2.0 x1	428
Pi 5	HAT PCIe 3.0 x 1	817
HP G4	PCIe 3.0 x 4	1175
HP G6	PCIe 3.0 x 4	2681
HP G9	PCIe 4.0 x 4	1700

The Pi 5 HAT PCI 3.0 is approximatley 17 times faster than the Pi 4 with a SD card.